بررسی علل شکل‌گیری شکاف شمال- جنوب در اتحادیه اروپا
محورهای موضوعی : اقدامات و سیاست‌های سازمان‌ها
رکسانا نیکنامی
1
(دانشگاه گیلان)
کلید واژه: شکاف شمال- جنوب اتحادیه اروپا بحران اقتصادی بحران بدهی قومیت فساد سیاسی حکمرانی,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه شکاف شمال- جنوب در اروپا، مهمترین مسئله‌ای است که کشورهای عضو اتحادیه اروپا با آن درگیر هستند؛ به‌گونه‌ای که این شکاف، روند همگرایی در اروپا را نیز، تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. درحقیقت شکاف شمال- جنوب، عصاره‌ای از شکاف‌های کلاسیک اروپایی با عنوان شرقی- غربی، پیر- جوان، قاره‌محور- آتلانتیک‌محور و درنهایت توسعه‌نیافته- کمتر توسعه‌یافته است. اینکه این شکاف از کجا در اتحادیه اروپا شکل گرفت، چه ابعادی داشته و در چه سطوحی مطرح است؟ و اینکه بحران اقتصادی حوزه یورو چه نقشی در این شکاف دارد؟ مهمترین پرسش‌هایی است که این مقاله در چارچوب نظریه حکمرانی درصدد پاسخ به آنهاست. در این راستا، شکاف شمال- جنوب در اتحادیه اروپا در سه سطح بررسی شده است. در سطح ملی؛ ضعف ساختاری جنوب، ، فساد اقتصادی و سیاسی جنوب، شکاف در حکمرانی، سطح نابرابر تولید ناخالص و تفاوت‌های مذهبی و فرهنگی داخلی میان کشورهای شمال و جنوب اروپا ازجمله عوامل اصلی موجد این شکاف است. در سطح منطقه‌ای؛ اختلاف میان فرانسه و آلمان، بحران اقتصادی حوزه یورو و سیاست‌های ریاضت اقتصادی مهمترین عوامل مؤثر بر شکاف شمال و جنوب است و در سطح بین‌الملل؛ دو عامل جهانی‌شدن و بحران جهانی سبب تعمیق شکاف شمال و جنوب شده‌اند.
The North-South divide in Europe is one of the most pressing challenges facing members of the European Union, influencing the process of integration within the Union. The North-South divide manifest the classic European divides such as East and West, old and young, Continent-oriented or Atlantic-oriented, and not developed-less developed. How did this divide emerge? What are the extent of it? Within the framework of governance theory, the article assesses the divide at three levels: first, structural deficiency amongst the south, political and economic corruption, gap in governance, unequal GDP and cultural-religious differences manifests themselves at national level. At regional level, the differences between France and Germany, the Euro crisis and ensuing austerity measures have affected the North-South divide. Internationally, globalisation and global crisis (es) deepened the divide.
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