تحول در ابزارهای فشار حقوق بشری اتحادیه‌ی اروپا: مطالعه موردی مقررات نظام عمومی ترجیحات
محورهای موضوعی : اقدامات و سیاست‌های سازمانهاکلید واژه: اتحادیه اروپاحقوق بشرنظام عمومی ترجیحاتفشارابزار,
چکیده مقاله :
نظام حقوق بشر جهانی نه‌تنها چهارچوب مشترک ارزشهای اساسی و مهم اجتماعی را تعریف میکند، بلکه به‌عنوان نقطه مرجع برای کدها و اصولِ اخلاقی و استانداردهای رفتار مورد انتظار در تجارت و کسب‌وکارهای مختلف بین‌المللی نیز محسوب می‌شود. رفتارهای اتحادیه اروپا به‌عنوان یکی از بازیگران اصلی سیاسی- اقتصادی سرمایهداری در احترام به حقوق بشر اهمیت بنیادین دارد. اعضای این اتحادیه سابقه‌ی طولانی در استفاده از ابزارهای سیاسی و نظامی یا اقتصادی و فرهنگی برعلیه کشورها، در متقاعد کردن آنها به رعایت حقوق بشر دارند. مسئله‌ی اساسی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تحول ابزارهای فشار حقوق بشری اتحادیه‌ی اروپا و بازتاب آن بر مکانیسم نظام عمومی ترجیحات آن است. پرسش اصلی آن است که چه تحولی در ابزارهای فشار حقوق بشری اتحادیه‌ی اروپا اتفاق افتاده است؟ فرضیه‌ی پژوهش مبتنی برآناست که هم‌زمان با دگرگونیها در نظام سرمایهداری جهانی، فشارهای حقوق بشری اتحادیه‌ی اروپا، ماهیت اقتصاد- سیاسی گرفته؛ و این بلوک با دو ابزار زور و رضایت سعی در ترغیبِ کشورها به تبعیت از حقوق بشر جهانی دارند. در این راستا، اتحادیه‌ی اروپا از مکانیسم نظام عمومی ترجیحات به‌عنوان کانال رضایتآمیز نرم و هوشمندانه برای اعمال فشار به سایر کشورها برای پذیرش رهنمودهای نظام حقوق بشر جهانی استفاده میکند.
fundamental social values, but also is considered as a reference point for codes, ethics and standards of conduct expected in various international trade and businesses. The EU's behaviors as one of the main political-economic actors of capitalism are fundamental to respect for human rights. Members of the Union have a long history of using political, military or economic and cultural tools against countries to persuade them to respect for human rights. The main issue of the present study is to examine the evolution of the pressure tools of EU’s human rights and its reflection on the mechanism of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). The key question is what evolution has happened to the pressure tools of EU’s human rights? The research hypothesis is that as the EU's human rights pressures take on an economic-political nature, along with the transformations in the world capitalist system. This bloc will try to persuade countries to adhere to global human rights by force and consent. In this vein, the EU uses the mechanism of the GSP as a soft and intelligent consent tool to put pressure on other countries in order to adopt the guidelines of the global human rights system.
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