A Study of Preparatory Commission in International Law
Subject Areas : PoliticsAbstract :
Since the conclusion of an international organization’s statute until its enforcement and establishing a new organization, many necessary measures should be done in order to prepare conditions for its immediate and effective operation upon its creation. Usually, it’s a preparatory commission’s duty to prepare those conditions. However, given little attention paid to the status of preparatory commissions in international law, questions may be posed such as how they are created, what are their tasks and what powers they enjoy, weather a preparatory commission is a subsidiary organ of the new organization or it has a legal personality of its own. This article aims at examining above -mentioned issues in light of current international practice and steps taken towards the creation of several important international organizations.
References:
بیگ‌زاده، ابراهیم (1391). حقوق سازمان‌های بین‌المللی، تهران: مجد.
زمانی، قاسم (1393). حقوق سازمان‌های بین‌المللی، تهران: موسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های حقوقی شهر دانش.
ساعد، نادر (1381). «معاهده و سازمان منع جامع آزمایش‌های هسته‌ای: از آمیزه‌های سیاسی تا آموزه‌های حقوقی»، مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، شماره 58، 227-199.
ساعد، نادر (79-1378). «مقدمه‌ای بر معاهده منع جامع آزمایش‌های هسته‌ای (CTBT)»، سیاست دفاعی، شماره 30-29، 37-1.
ضیایی بیگدلی، محمدرضا (1387). حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، تهران: گنج دانش.
فلسفی، هدایت‌الله (73-1372). «اجرای مقررات حقوق بین‌الملل»، تحقیقات حقوقی، شماره 14-13، 98-31.
مقتدر، هوشنگ (1373). حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، تهران: مرکز چاپ و انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه.
Amerasinghe, C. F. (2005). Principles of the institutional law of international organizations, Cambridge University Press.
Arsanjani, M. H. & Reisman, W. M. (2011). Provisional Application of Treaties in International Law: The Energy Charter Treaty Awards, Oxford [etc.] : Oxford University Press.
Aust, A. (2013). Modern treaty law and practice, Cambridge University Press.
Dicker, R. (1999). “Issues Facing the International Criminal Court's Preparatory Commission”, Cornell Int'l LJ, Vol.32, No.3, 471-475.
Dörmann, K. (2001). “Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court: The Elements of War Crimes: Part II: Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international and non-international armed conflicts”, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol.83, No.842, 461-488.
Dougall, R. (1947). “The archives and documents of the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations”, The American Archivist, Vol.10, No.1, 25-34.
Hall, C. K. (2000). “The First Five Sessions of the UN Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol.94, No.4, 773-789.
Kirsch, P. & Fraser, D. (1988). “The Law of the Sea Preparatory Commission after Six Years: Review and Prospects”, The Canadian Yearbook of the International law, Vol.26, 119-154.
Malanczuk, P. (1997). Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law, London: Routledge.
Mertsch, A. Q. (2012). Provisionally applied treaties: their binding force and legal nature (Vol.9), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Michie, A. (2006). “The role of provisionally applied treaties in international organizations”, The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, Vol.39, No.1, 39-56
Noyes, J. E. Jésus, J. L. Scholz, W. S. Kimball, L. A. Kirsch, P. & de Mestral, A. (1988, April). Deep Seabed Mining: The Work of the Preparatory Commission, In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) (pp. 80-101), The American Society of International Law.
Portman, R. (2010). Legal Personality in International Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Riddell-Dixon, E. (1992). “The Preparatory Commission on the International Sea-bed Authority: New Realism”, Int'l J. Estuarine & Coastal L, Vol.7, 195.
Schemers, H. G. & Blokker, N. (2011). International Institutional Law (11nd ed), Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Trahan, J. (2002). Defining Aggression: Why the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court Has Faced Such a Conundrum”, Loy. LA Int'l & Comp. L. Rev, Vol.24, 439.
Valerie, O. & Kirsch, P. (2001). “The Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court”, Fordham International Law Journal, Vol.25, No.3, 563-588.
Warbrick, C. McGoldrick, D. Byron, C. & Turns, D. (2001). “I. The Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court”, International & Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol.50, No.2, 420-435.
آراء قضایی و اسناد بین‌المللی
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction
Interim Agreement on Preparatory Commission of the United Nations
Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia, Advisory Opinions, I.C.J. Reports 1971
Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgments, I.C.J Reports 2010
Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinions, I.C.J. Reports 1949
Resolution Establishing the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization
Resolution F annexed to Final Act of the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court
Resolution I annexed to Final Act of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
بیگ‌زاده، ابراهیم (1391). حقوق سازمان‌های بین‌المللی، تهران: مجد.
زمانی، قاسم (1393). حقوق سازمان‌های بین‌المللی، تهران: موسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های حقوقی شهر دانش.
ساعد، نادر (1381). «معاهده و سازمان منع جامع آزمایش‌های هسته‌ای: از آمیزه‌های سیاسی تا آموزه‌های حقوقی»، مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، شماره 58، 227-199.
ساعد، نادر (79-1378). «مقدمه‌ای بر معاهده منع جامع آزمایش‌های هسته‌ای (CTBT)»، سیاست دفاعی، شماره 30-29، 37-1.
ضیایی بیگدلی، محمدرضا (1387). حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، تهران: گنج دانش.
فلسفی، هدایت‌الله (73-1372). «اجرای مقررات حقوق بین‌الملل»، تحقیقات حقوقی، شماره 14-13، 98-31.
مقتدر، هوشنگ (1373). حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، تهران: مرکز چاپ و انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه.
Amerasinghe, C. F. (2005). Principles of the institutional law of international organizations, Cambridge University Press.
Arsanjani, M. H. & Reisman, W. M. (2011). Provisional Application of Treaties in International Law: The Energy Charter Treaty Awards, Oxford [etc.] : Oxford University Press.
Aust, A. (2013). Modern treaty law and practice, Cambridge University Press.
Dicker, R. (1999). “Issues Facing the International Criminal Court's Preparatory Commission”, Cornell Int'l LJ, Vol.32, No.3, 471-475.
Dörmann, K. (2001). “Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court: The Elements of War Crimes: Part II: Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international and non-international armed conflicts”, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol.83, No.842, 461-488.
Dougall, R. (1947). “The archives and documents of the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations”, The American Archivist, Vol.10, No.1, 25-34.
Hall, C. K. (2000). “The First Five Sessions of the UN Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol.94, No.4, 773-789.
Kirsch, P. & Fraser, D. (1988). “The Law of the Sea Preparatory Commission after Six Years: Review and Prospects”, The Canadian Yearbook of the International law, Vol.26, 119-154.
Malanczuk, P. (1997). Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law, London: Routledge.
Mertsch, A. Q. (2012). Provisionally applied treaties: their binding force and legal nature (Vol.9), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Michie, A. (2006). “The role of provisionally applied treaties in international organizations”, The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, Vol.39, No.1, 39-56
Noyes, J. E. Jésus, J. L. Scholz, W. S. Kimball, L. A. Kirsch, P. & de Mestral, A. (1988, April). Deep Seabed Mining: The Work of the Preparatory Commission, In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) (pp. 80-101), The American Society of International Law.
Portman, R. (2010). Legal Personality in International Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Riddell-Dixon, E. (1992). “The Preparatory Commission on the International Sea-bed Authority: New Realism”, Int'l J. Estuarine & Coastal L, Vol.7, 195.
Schemers, H. G. & Blokker, N. (2011). International Institutional Law (11nd ed), Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Trahan, J. (2002). Defining Aggression: Why the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court Has Faced Such a Conundrum”, Loy. LA Int'l & Comp. L. Rev, Vol.24, 439.
Valerie, O. & Kirsch, P. (2001). “The Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court”, Fordham International Law Journal, Vol.25, No.3, 563-588.
Warbrick, C. McGoldrick, D. Byron, C. & Turns, D. (2001). “I. The Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court”, International & Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol.50, No.2, 420-435.
آراء قضایی و اسناد بین‌المللی
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction
Interim Agreement on Preparatory Commission of the United Nations
Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia, Advisory Opinions, I.C.J. Reports 1971
Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgments, I.C.J Reports 2010
Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinions, I.C.J. Reports 1949
Resolution Establishing the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization
Resolution F annexed to Final Act of the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court
Resolution I annexed to Final Act of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea