تبیین چگونگی ارتباط معماری باغ‌سازی ایرانی در دوره اسلامی با ساحتهای حیات انسان از منظر اسلام نمونه موردی: باغ فین کاشان
محورهای موضوعی : The place of Islamic scientific wisdom in creating urban planning and architecture works
1 - دانشیار گروه معماری، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران
کلید واژه: باغ ایرانی, باغ فین, معماری, مراتب حیات, منظر اسلامی,
چکیده مقاله :
از آنجاییکه معماری در رابطه با انسان محقق میشود لذا شناخت رابطه معماری با ساختارهای وجودی انسان امری ضروری است. در این میان به نظر میرسد که هنر باغ‌سازی ایرانی در دوره اسلامی به گونهای به معانی و باورها تجسم بخشیده که با ساحتهای حیات انسان مرتبط است. لذا هدف از این پژوهش تبیین چگونگی ارتباط هنر باغ‌سازی ایرانی در دوره اسلامی با مراتب وجودی انسان از منظر بینش اسلامی است. در میان باغهای ایرانی، باغ فین نمونه شاخصی است که با برخورداری از ساختار کامل هندسی و موقعیت جغرافیایی آن در اقلیم گرم و خشک بستر مناسبی را برای پژوهش فراهم میآورد. نوع تحقیق کیفی و بنیادین و متکی بر روش توصیفی- تحلیلی با بهرهگیری از استدلال منطقی است که گردآوری دادهها از طریق مطالعات اسنادی و کتابخانهای و میدانی انجام شده است. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد هنر باغ‌سازی ایرانی در مفهومی باطنی متناسب و متناظر؛ چهار نفس انسان، گیاهی، جانوری، عقلانی و روحانی است یعنی همه مراتب وجودی و هستی انسان را پاسخ میدهد بگونهای که در حوزه مرتبه گیاهی، آسایش جسمانی و در حوزه مرتبه حیوانی، اغنای تمامی حواس انسان در جهت تامین آسایش را تحقق میبخشد و در حوزه مرتبه تدبیرگر انسانی با بهرهگیری از نظام منظر و محوربندی دعوت به تأمل دارد و در مرتبه معنوی با بهرهگیری از هندسه مرکزگرا، حقیقتی متعالی (وحدت) را متجلی میسازد.
Since architecture is realized in relation to human beings, it is necessary to know the relationship between architecture and human existence. In the meantime, it seems that the art of Iranian gardening in the Islamic period embodied meanings and beliefs in a way that is related to the areas of human life. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain how the art of Iranian gardening in the Islamic period is related to human existence from the point of view of Islam. It provides for the research. The type of qualitative and fundamental research is based on the descriptive-analytical method with the use of logical reasoning. The data collection is done through documentary, library and field studies. In conclusion, the findings of the research show that the art of Iranian gardening in an esoteric concept is proportional and corresponding to the four souls of humans, plants, animals, It is rational and spiritual.
Keywords: Architecture, Islamic Teachings, Kashan Fin Garden, The Hierarchy of Life, The Iranain Garden.
Introduction
Iran's art has paid special attention to nature since ancient times, although this thinking is rooted in the artist's worldview, the art of architecture is undoubtedly one of the objective manifestations of every nation and nation, and also the most important narrator of how that nation faces issues related to life and including nature. The atmosphere of religious growth and Islamic thought included certain concepts and states of thought and behavior, which had a great impact on its art. The remarkable point in distinguishing the Islamic perspective from other perspectives is that the objective environment around man is not considered and there is a supernatural spiritual view of the environment and the effects of the worlds of existence on humans are taken into consideration in examining the interactions between humans and the environment, and this human transforms the environment based on their needs, values and goals. The environment that is based on human needs can be seen in the art of gardening, which is one of the oldest arts of Iranians.
From the Islamic point of view, this architecture, both its basic and formative principles and the features of its final and emerging form are related to the appropriateness of the domains of human life. (Noghrekar, 2007: 22) since the evolutionary continuity in the art of Iranian architecture Among the Iranian gardens, Bagh Fin is an example that provides a suitable platform for research with its complete geometrical structure and special geographical location in the hot and dry climate. Since the body of the Iranian garden is affected by the system of planting and plants, the water system, building and geometry, this research tries to rely on Islamic teachings, especially the hadith of Imam Ali (a.s.) about the levels of the human soul, plant name, animal sense, human resourcefulness and Maleke Elahi will look at how it corresponds to the physical areas of the Iranian garden.
Methods
Architecture is related to human being, which is realized in this direction, understanding the relationship between architecture and human existential structures. It is necessary that most experts and researchers have paid attention to nature and shaping it at the first level in accordance with the capabilities of architecture and human existence. It turns out that an analysis of how this is done Communication from the Islamic perspective has not been presented so far.
Conclusion
The art of Iranian gardening in a corresponding esoteric concept; the four souls are human, plant, animal, rational and spiritual.
Discussion
According to the Islamic point of view, there is a precise and meaningful correspondence between human existence and man-made spaces. Since architecture creates an architectural work by perceiving the levels of existence and being inspired by them, therefore the created work also has a The higher order of existence will correspond to the origin of God's inspiration, so the architectural space has this ability as a mediator to establish a platform for human interaction and needs, in the meantime, the construction of an Iranian garden in the Islamic period, in addition to being an indicator of Iranian man's vision of nature, has also shaped a part of his ontology, and has also embodied the meanings and beliefs of man in such a way that In an esoteric sense, Iranian gardens correspond to all the existential constructions of man. So that this response to the levels of human life in the four constructions of plant, animal, human resourcefulness and spiritual wisdom in the Fin Kashan Garden can be explained like this
- In the field of plant order, the use of water and fruitful and non-fruitful plants will create a healthy and edible landscape in Fin garden with Physical comfort in the hot and dry climate of Kashan.
- In the field of animal order, the planting of plants and water combined with the system of making songs has relized all human senses of (sight, hearing, smell taste and touch) in order to provide peace.
- In the domain of the strategist, a human being has created an invitation to think by using the landscape system and focus in the garden of Fin.
- In the field of spiritual order, using centrist geometry represents an attempt from a spiritual history to manifest unity based on vision.
References
Blair, SH. Bloom, J. (2011) Islamic architecture, Translated by: Akram Qitasi, Tehran: Soura Publications.
Barati, N; & Alehashemi, A; & Miniator Sajadi, A. (2018). “Iranian Worldview and Axial Pattern in Persian Garden”. Manzar, Vol, 9. No,41.pp: 6-15.
Hatami nasari, T. Najafi, A. Fakhar, Z. (2023) The function of Geometry in the architectural infrasture and dome designs of Imam and Chahar Bagh School mosques. Journal of Islamic Art. 20(50). Pp. 737-755.
Khalilnezhad, M. Tobias, K. (2016) The productive landscape in Persian Gardens; Foundations and features. Journal of Bagh- E Nazar, 13(38). Pp. 3-16.
Labibzade, R. (2022) Phenomenology of the language of space in an Iranian garden based on human existential levels from the perspective of Islam, case example: Daulatabad Garden, Yazd. Journal of Green Architecture, 8(29). Pp. 1-14.
Moradinasab, H. Hashemi, S. (2022) Sculptural Architecture Based on Indian Insight: The physical Distinction of Indian Gurkanic Gardens and Persian Gardens (Case Study: Taj Mahal and Homayoun Tomb Garden). Journal of Athar, 43(2). Pp. 382-399.
Mazhary, M. Maghsoudi, A. Poodat, F. (2020) Studying and recognizing the structural system and the formation pattern of Khan Garden of Shushtar; A distinct type of Iranian gardening. Journal of Iranian-Islamic City, 4(11). Pp. 12-31.
Noghrekar, A. Farhang, M. Taghdir, S. (2013) Examining the capabilities of the architectural space to create a platform to respond to human needs from the perspective of Islam; Case study: Zainat al-Mulk houses in Shiraz and Boroujerdi houses in Kashan, Journal of Iranian-Islamic City, 15. Pp. 21-34.
Naghizade, M. (2013) Representations of beauty in Persian gardens, Journal of Manzar, 5(22). Pp. 6-9.
Navai, K. Hajighasemi, K. (2013) Clay and Fantasy. Tehran: Souroush Publisher.
Pour jafar, M. Rostami, S. pour jafar, A. Rostami, M. (2018) Iranian Garden, Picturing the Described Heaven Based on the Versus from Vagheah Surah (case study: Kerman, Mahan, Kashan Fin, Neyshaboor Ghadamgah, Eram, Khan Shoshtar), Journal of Architectural Thought, 1(2), Pp.1-14.
Same, R. (2016) Classification of Architecture in Accordance with Man’s Degrees of Being Based on Teachings of Quran and Islamic Wisdom. 8(4). Pp. 1-13.
Shahcheraghi, A. (2016) Paradigms of the income campus on the recognition and re-creation of the Iranian garden. Tehran: Academic Jihad Publications.
Taghdir, S. (2018) The structure of the process of creation and perception of architectural works based on the principles of transcendental wisdom, Journal of Fundamental Researches on Humanities, 5(3), Pp. 101-132.
Uwajeh, C.P. & Ezennia, I.E. (2018) The Socio-Cultural and Ecological Perspective on Landscape and Gardening in Urban Environment: A Narrative Review. Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs, 2(2), pp: 78-89.