Theology and theism in philosophy and religions
Subject Areas : Planning science
1 - Farhangian Yasouj University
Keywords: Theology, theism, philosophy, philosophers,
Abstract :
God, the creator of the world and the most perfect existence, is the central concept of most religions, especially Abrahamic religions. There are various concepts and definitions of God in the minds of people and religions. There is no inevitable relationship between belief in God and religiosity, and some people who do not believe in religion believe in God. According to the Shia, God is the only one and the source of all perfections and the cause of existence of all beings and has an eternal and eternal essence. There is no other creature like him. His essence is the same as his attributes. It is a simple and immaterial fact. He cannot be seen neither in this world nor in the hereafter, and he has absolute knowledge and power, he is present everywhere and has a complete connection with his creatures. The existence of God and some of his attributes can be proved by sense, reason and nature; But its infinite essence cannot be perceived by limited sense and intellect. Some Western philosophers and Christian theologians believe that the God that is proven in philosophy is contrary to the God that religion describes. Some other thinkers believe that the God of religion is worthy of love and questioning, while the God of philosophers is only a wajib-ul-jood that does not throw salt in hearts. The claim of dualism between the God of religion and the God of philosophy is not acceptable from the perspective of the Qur'an and Islamic philosophy; Because according to the Qur'an, one of the unique attributes of Allah Almighty is "uncreated object". The necessity of philosophy is the only thing without a cause. Therefore, "non-created object" is the exclusive description of Allah in the Qur'an and obligatory for philosophy. Therefore, Allah's example and Wajib al-Wujud are the same. The truth of the second claim is by focusing on the inherent and current attributes of God. God's current attributes express God's various relationships with creatures and humans; But the inherent attributes describe the nature of God and His perfections..