List of Articles آمریکا

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - US Congress and UN Reforms
  سیدعلی طباطبایی ناهید فراهانی
  The US Congress is the most influential institution regulating the American leaders’ approach to the UN and plays an important role in shaping the country’s policies toward the UN. Some congress members believe that due to unique position of the US at global level and i More

  The US Congress is the most influential institution regulating the American leaders’ approach to the UN and plays an important role in shaping the country’s policies toward the UN. Some congress members believe that due to unique position of the US at global level and in the UN, it should play a determining part in the UN decision-making process. Since the increasing membership dues (assessed contribution to UN) of the US is approved by the Congress, it is clear why administrative and budgetary reforms in the UN are a priority for the US government and Congress. So far, many laws have been approved on the UN reforms. Some Congress members believe that these laws have helped the US to achieve its goals in the UN Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Challenges Facing Security and Defense Policies of EU and US
  سعید  خالوزاده
  The Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union is one of the challenges facing the NATO and the leading role played by the U.S. The post-Cold War Europe attempted to be less dependent on U.S. and NATO, and to counter American influence on the security arra More

  The Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union is one of the challenges facing the NATO and the leading role played by the U.S. The post-Cold War Europe attempted to be less dependent on U.S. and NATO, and to counter American influence on the security arrangements of the Old Continent. In a post-Cold War world, Europeans have been seeking a multipolar international order with increasing power and balanced strengthening of the role played by influential countries within the international system while supporting the liberal hegemony bestowed on the Americans. The United States believed in a hegemonic order through unipolar order based on multilateralism. The main question of this article is what are the common challenges facing the US and EU policies with regard to security and defense structure in Europe as well as regional issues? What is their approach in dealing with those issues? After discussing the theoretical framework of the topic, the paper would focus on challenges facing the U.S. and the E.U. defines and security policies from a hegemonic liberalism perspective and rejection of U.S. unilateral hegemony. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - ANZUS Treaty: Past and Future
  Nasrin Mosaffa Ahmad Heidarbeigi
  The Security treaty concluded by Australia, New Zealand and the United States (ANZUS) in September 1951 in San Francisco with the aim of ensurity securing in the Pacific. Issues such as the expansion of communism in Southeast Asia, potential threat by Japan's military p More

  The Security treaty concluded by Australia, New Zealand and the United States (ANZUS) in September 1951 in San Francisco with the aim of ensurity securing in the Pacific. Issues such as the expansion of communism in Southeast Asia, potential threat by Japan's military power, and constitutional crises prevalent in the new independent countries were posing a threat for regional security following the World War II. The main question discussed by this article is about the survival of this treaty even after the end of the Cold War, Generally, this treaty has based its strategy on confronting hegemonic policies pursued by China, Russia and facing potential threats posed by them or increasing influence exerted by them in the Pacific region Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - The United States of America and the International Criminal Court in Barack Obama Period: An Abstention or a Possibility
  رضا  موسی‌زاده Hadi Golriz
  The relationship between the United States and the International Criminal Court is a combination of confrontation and tension in various aspects, including legal considerations, political, national and security concerns and strategic interests. The existing tensions in More

  The relationship between the United States and the International Criminal Court is a combination of confrontation and tension in various aspects, including legal considerations, political, national and security concerns and strategic interests. The existing tensions in relationship with the International Criminal Court have accentuated at some points and the United States has actively challenged the Court's existence. However, the challenges didn’t last for a long time, and at the end of George W. Bush’s presidency– recognizing the inherent values and potentialities of creating an International Criminal Court and the necessity to keep it– confrontations and tensions faded in favor of a constructive interaction. In the years which passed– especially during the administration of Barack Obama– the attitudes and the positions of the US towards the International Criminal Court have experienced a fundamental and comprehensive change and the United States is trying to compensate for the past measures, and to increase the interactions and cooperation with the International Criminal Court and to recognize its existence and capacity as an important international judicial institution in prosecuting the international violent crimes and to restart the relations with the International Criminal Court. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  5 - China's Foreign Policy and the Evolution of its Security Council Voting Behavior
  Hamid salehi Emad Aslani Minareh Bazaari
  To understand the behavior of governments, one of the most important areas of study is the views and opinions that are expressed by them in international organizations. China is Iran's most important trading partner, and examining its votes in the UN Security Council co More

  To understand the behavior of governments, one of the most important areas of study is the views and opinions that are expressed by them in international organizations. China is Iran's most important trading partner, and examining its votes in the UN Security Council could make prediction of its performance much more accurate in the face of developments in the region. In other words, by paying close attention to China's voting behavior in the UN Security Council, we can achieve a precise understanding about the gradual evolution of China's votes in the Security Council. This has made it especially important to know the country's voting framework in the Security Council. In this article, we try to examine the evolution of China's votes in the Security Council from a constructivist point of view and a pragmatic approach. The question we are trying to answer in this article is what will happen to China's foreign policy in light of the changes happened within China's voting behavior in framework of the Security Council? The hypothesis we introduce in response to this question is that the evolution of China's vote in the Security Council indicates an increase in influence and the creation of a network of Chinese allies in regional organizations. China is seeking to use its veto power to enhance its role as an emerging economic, security and political power on different international occasions and to achieve some sort of political-economic deterrent against US destructive-sanctions measures and, on the other hand, promote Chinese norms through the use of international expansion organizations in the international arena. Manuscript profile