Time units in the earth's rotation in terms of Fakhr Razi and Abu Rihan Biruni and their influence on the new age
Subject Areas : Islamic theologySalih Nabi Hamdamin 1 , Aziz Javanpour Heravi 2 , Hossein Nowrozi Teymourlouie 3
1 -
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: Unit of Time, Rotation of the Earth, Fakhr Razi, Abu Rihan Biruni, New Era,
Abstract :
Muslims have played a significant role in the evolution and development of astronomy, time and its units. Considering the same role of Muslims and especially philosophers in today's science of time, the present research has investigated the views of Muslim philosophers, Abu Rihan Biruni and Fakhr Razi in relation to time units and the rotation of the earth, and thus, their impact on the new era. The research is applied in terms of purpose, qualitative in nature, and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The findings indicate that Biruni and Razi agree on the shape of the spherical earth and consider the reason for the distribution of the degrees of longitude to 360 degrees to be the circular rotation of the earth. They believe that Almighty God has determined the circular movement to preserve the heavenly bodies in the galaxy, and the linear movement to prevent the interference of the galaxies. The planet earth has two fixed and variable speeds, the speed of the earth's rotation around the sun (ellipse) is variable, and the speed of the earth's rotation around its axis is constant, and due to its stability, humans do not feel the earth's movement around them. . The night precedes the day from an external and secret point of view; This means that the beginning of the new day starts with the sunset until the sunset of the next day (sunset system). They also believe that the Holy Qur'an precedes the determination of the number of minutes in the day and night (1440 minutes). They have divided latitude circles between north and south and longitude lines between east and west. Finally, Biruni and Razi wrote several centuries before the English scientist Isaac Newton in mentioning the gravity of the earth.